Revolving roasting-furnace



(N0 Modei.) 3 Sheets-Sheet 1. G. DURYEE. REVOLVING ROASTING FURNACE.

Patented June 24, 1890.

m; Norms Perms cu. vuoro-uma', WAENNGTON, u. c.

3 Sheets-Sheet 2.

Patented June 24, 1890);

G. DURYEE.

REVOLVING ROASTING FURNACE.

(No Model.)

(No Model.) 3 Sheets-Sheet 3.

G. DURYEE. REVOLVING ROASTING FURNACE.

. Patented June 24, 1890.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

GEORGE DURYEE, OF ORANGE, NEW JERSEY.

REVOLVING ROASTING-FURNACE.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 430,929, dated June 24,1890.

Application filed May 16, 1889. Serial No. 310,984. (No model.)

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that LGEORGE DURYEE, a citizen of the United States,residing at Orange, in the county of Essex and State of New Jersey, haveinvented certain new and useful Improvements in RevolvingRoasting-Furnaces,

of which the following is a full, clear, and

exact specification.

My invention relates more particularly to the class of furnaces adaptedfor use in the manufacture of cement, burning of carbonate of lime,aluminates, ores, metals, and chlorides; and it consists in features ofnovelty hereinafter fully described with reference to theaccompanyingdrawings, and particularly pointed out in the claims.

The invention is designed as an improvement over the furnaces shown,described, and claimed in my Letters Patent numbered 236,561 and236,562, granted January11,188l, for improvements in blow-pipe revolvingfurnaces and metallurgic furnaces, respectively.

Referring now to the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 represents a sideelevation of my improved apparatus, the uptake or stack being omitted.Fig. II is a vertical longitudinal section of the lower end of theapparatus,taken on the line II II, Fig. III. Fig. III is a transversesection taken on the line III III, Fig. II, looking in the direction ofthe arrow.

Fig. IV is a transverse section taken on the line IV IV, Fig. III,looking in the direction of the arrow. Fig. Visa detail sectional planof the receptacle for incandescent or burned material, hereinafterdescribed, taken 011 the line v v, Fig. 111; and Fig. VI is amodification hereinafter described.

Like the device described in my Patent No. 236,561, the presentapparatus has a fuelfurnace 1, which is connected with a revolvingcylinder 2, which latter communicates with an elongated pipe or cylinder3. Leading from the upper end of the cylinder 3 is a smoke-fiue 4, whichextends back to the front end of the apparatus, where it meets theuptake or chimney. (Not shown.) Extending through this flue 4 from thefan or blower 5 is an air-iiue 6, which extends downwardly at the frontof the fuel-furnace and terminates in a nozzle 7 under the grate. Thecylinder 2 is provided with a peripheral rack 8, with which engages apinion 9, mounted. upon a shaft 10, journaled at each end in boxes 11.

Thus far the apparatusis substantiallylike that described in my patentjust referred to;

but in this apparatus the cylinders 2 3 are perfectly independent ofeach other, though revolved in unison by reason of peripheral teeth 12on the cylinder 3 being engaged by gear-wheels, or, as shown, by thesprocketchain 13, which latter is driven by a small sprocket-wheel 14,mounted on the shaft 10. The wheel 14 and pinion 9 may be soproportioned as to drive both cylinders at the same rate of speed. Thecylinders are supported by means of peripheral bands 15, havingknife-edges resting between pairs of grooved rollers 16, as fully shownat Fig. III.

Situated between the mouth of a neck 17, leading from the fuel-furnace1, and the lower end of the cylinder 2 is a water or air jacket 18,which fits snugly against theend of said neck and is provided with anopening 19, through which the products of combustion pass from thefuel-furnace into the calciningcylinder 2 or blooming-cylinder, if forironworking, and just below this neck it is provided with a doorway 20,having a door 21, to facilitate the removal of the material from thiscylinder 2 when necessary, which material is discharged directly into alarge receptacle 22, supported in any desirable manner, as by pillars23. This receptacle is provided with an air-space at its sides andbottom, with which connects a pipe 24, leading downward from the mainair-flue 6. This pipe, it will be seen from Fig. III, extends into thespace at the bottom of the receptacle below a partition or flooring 25,which has, as shown at Fig. V, an opening 26 on the opposite side, whichlatter admits air to the space around the sides of the receptacle. Theexit 27 being on the opposite side to this opening 26, the air will havetraversed the entire space between the walls of the receptacle before itreaches the receptacle, and at the same time to cool the finishedproduct or material, so that it may shortly-after burning be drawnthrough the opening 29 in the bottom into the barrels,

such opening being guarded by a suitable.

valve 30.

In my former patents referred to I describe the manner of heating theair by passing air through pipes or flues from a chamber in the rear ofthe cylinder; but that arrangement does not heat sufficiently for thesuccessful treatment of lime and cement.

As shown in Figs. 11 and III, the pipe 28 extends upwardly through thewater-jacket 18 and is connected at its upper end to a horizontal flue31, whichextends through the lining of the fuel-furnace ceiling, then ashort distance to the front of the furnace,.and then bends upon itselfand terminates in a nozzle 32, extending through the upper side of theneck 17, just in front of a hopper 33, containing charcoal and commonsalt for supplying carbon to the flame when necessary, as described inmy former patents.

Extending upwardly from the main air-flue 6 is another branch flue orpipe 34, which connects with the flue 31 just in front of the nozzle 32,and extending into this flue or pipe 34 and terminating at itsconnection with the flue 31 is a fuel-pipe 35, guarded by cock 36, whichpipe may lead from a gas or oil supply. From this arrangement it will beseen that the draft'entering through the nozzle '7 under the grate willaccelerate combustion of the fuel on the grate, the products of whichwill pass through the neck 17 and there be met by the spray of oil andhot air or gas and hot air issuing from the nozzle 32 in the directionof its current, and thus produce What I have termed in my aforesaidPatent No. 236,561 a blow-pipe flame, producing intense heat in thecylinders2 and 3. I/Vhen the air is heated in the receptacle 22, asdescribed, the whole or nearly the whole of the heat is utilized, as thecold air quickly absorbs the heat from the finished material, allowingit to be re moved from the receiving chamber or receptacle directly tothe mills (not shown) in case of Portland cement and to the barrels incase of lime-burning, thus avoiding the long exposure to the airnecessary in the mode heretofore practiced.

In order to prevent the plates of the waterjacket 18 burning out, Iprefer to cover the exposed surface with a fire-proof compound, such asdescribedin my Patent No. 236,561, and, indeed, all parts of theapparatus, including the fines and the interior of the cylinders, maywith advantage be coated with this substance. In order, however, toafford access to the interior of the cylinder 2 for this purpose, it isdesirable that the watertimes is very friable.

jacket 18 should be removable, and to accomplish this I construct it asfollows:

Referring to Fig. III, on opposite sides of the water-jacket are twolugs or cars 37, to which are attached heavy chains 38, adapted to bewound upon a Windlass 39, supported above the furnace in any desirablemanner, 1

and the exit-pipe 27 from the receptacle 22 is provided with a largecoupling 40, in which i is seated the lower end of the pipe 28, so thatwhen the water-jacket is moved upward the connection will be brokenwithout damage to the parts, and the pipes 41 42, which respectivelysupply and draw off the water or air from the jacket, are provided withcouplings 43 44, respectively, whereby they may be disconnected readily.Situated between the upper end of the cylinder 2 and the lower end ofthe cylinder 3 is a second water-jacket 45, which is provided with acentral opening 46 for the passage of the products of combustion and thegases into the cylinder 3. This water-jacket, however, may be supportedupon ledges on pillars 47 by means of brackets 48. Situated in the upperside of this jacket is a hopper 49, which has a flat mouth 50, extendingdownward through the water-jacket and emptying through its side into thecylinder 2. The cylinder 2 is provided with a number of conical ports orvalve-seats 51,Whieh are guarded by inwardly-opening conical valves 52,having cross-bars 53, adapted to rest in countersinks 54 on the outsideof the cylinder. Supported above the cylinder 2 by means of iron or woodwork 55 is a hopper 56, whose lower end or mouth fits snugly against thecylinder directly in line with the said ports, so that as the cylinderrevolves the ports will be brought one by one under the hopper, and thevalves dropping open will permit the material to discharge insubstantiallya continuous stream into the cylinder. The valves, it willbe seen, close when they are in their downward or lower position. Inthese two hoppers 49 56 I prefer to keep a constant supply of crushedcarbonate of lime, when lime is to be manufactured, which, fallingthrough the current of the products of combustion in this comminutedstate, will be partly decomposed before it falls to the bottom of thecylinder 2.

As the cylinders 2 3 are considerably inclined, it is necessary toprovide at their lower ends means for preventing the down ward movementof the material, which at For this purpose I provide at the lower end ofthe cylinder 3 an internal firebrick ring 57, and make the ends of thecylinder 2 basin is formed. a

For treating fusible materials the lower end conical, whereby a .of thecylinder 2 is provided with a V-shaped band 58, which rests against andis secured to the water-jacket 18, and into which band discharges aspray from a branch 59 of the water-pipe 41. This spray is for thepurpose of cooling the slags and other deposits forming aBthis point,and as the cylinder re- IIO volves the brittle slag is cut off, thus'avoid ing large deposits at this juncture, which would tend to choke upthe cylinder and re-' tard its revolution. A trough 60 may be arrangedunder the V-shaped band 58 for conveying off the waste water. The lowerhalf of the band 58 is wider than the upper, so as to compensate for thedifference between the respective distances between the jacket andcylinder at top and bottom, the lower end of the cylinder turning in theband.

- In the modification shown at Fig. VI the water-jacket 18 has the formof an annular chamber surrounding the neck 17 of the fuelfurnace 1 andthe lower end of the cylinder 2, which, however, in this instance is notprovided with conical ends, but is perfectly cylindrical. The materialworking down this cylinder will bank against the bridge-wall 61, and maybe withdrawn through the opening 62, provided with a valve or slide 63.I have discovered that in this water-jacket sufficient steam isgenerated to supply the engine for driving the cylinders, and to putsuch jacket to this additional use it will of course be necessary merelyto connect the exit-pipe 42 with the steam-chest of. any suitableengine.

The door 21 in the jacketlS is semicircular, as shown in Fig. III, andis protected on its inner surface by means of fire-brick coating 21. Thedoor may be held open by a chain 21 passing over a pulley secured to thelower side of the neck 17 and made fast to a hook, as shown in Fig. II,or the door may be a water-jacket door.

I In the treatment of different ores, as well as for the manipulation ofiron, copper, and chlorides, this form of apparatus I have foundessential, as with the hot blast a very high degree of heat can beattained and the action of oxidizing or reducing flames as well as theaction of different fluxes at heats varying from 3,000 to 4,000Fahrenheit. In these experiments I have found in the treatment of limeand a mixture of clay and lime that by an. essentially-different processand mode of working carried on in a furnace analogous in principle andconstruction with those described in my patents above referred to, butmaterially different in adapting a hot blast, I am enabled to subjectthe different carbonates of lime to a powerful oxidizing-flame, whilethe heat is not diminished from extinguishing the flame by the rapidgeneration of carbonic-acid gas evolved from the carbonate of limepassing down the cylinder. I have also ascertained that acold blast ofair across the flame in the fuel-furnace described in the above-namedpatents would give 4,000" heat ten to twenty feet up the cylinder, theflame being fifty feet long, and as soon as the carbonate of lime wasfed the length of the flame was reduced forty feet and the heatdiminished less than 2,000 the same distance up the cylinder. I havefurther discovered that the fine shell marls, of which immense depositsare now lying idle, can be made availble by burning them in my furnace,producing fine finishing-lime in powder or lime for poor lands atconvenient points and at low cost. In other forms of kilns these finelimes cannot be burned, owing to the fact that their packing in the kilnobstructs the operation of the firing and driving off carbonic acid. Inthis furnace Portland cement can be made by mixing the proper proportionof clay with these fine lime lnarls and made into wet slip and fed intothe furnace, or 'both previously dried and mixed and then fed in a drycondition.

When a cold-air blast is usedinstead of the hot blast it will be foundthat some cores of limestone will be left improperly burned; but

air heated up from 500 to 700 is effectual in thoroughly decomposing thestone.

Portland cement when chemically made is a double silicate of alumina andlime and owes its valuable properties to high heat; but as heretoforemade (without fluxing) from ten to twenty-five per cent. is wasted byoverheat or too low heat and mechanical (not chemical) combination. Asdescribed and claimed in my application, Serial No. 305,407, filed March30, 1889, for improvements inthe' process of manufacturingcement, theuse of one hundred to one hundred and fifty pounds of fluorspar per tonof crude material will give a grade of cement that will stand from twohundred and fifty to three hundred and fifty pounds tensile strength atthe end of seven days without cracking, while the same mixture withoutfluor-spar and produced at the same heat will crack badly, suchindicating the lack of true chemical combination. To make this test, thefurnace was raised to a white heat at the lower end with a flame fiftyfeet long, a mixture of four tons of limestone and one ton of clay, bothdried and well mixed, was fed, and in one hour after the feeding wasbegun clinker began dumping out at the lower end of the cylinder,imperfect in form, with some powder, this being the cement which stoodthe lowest test. This trial was followed by the same mixture, with theaddition of one hundred and twenty-five pounds of fluor-spar per ton ofthe mixture to flux the silicate. The burned clinker from the lower endcontained no powder, but balls varying from one-fourth of an ounce toeight ounces each, uniform and heavy, while the color was that of truePortland ocmentgreenish gray. The quality of lime burned in this furnacewas found to be equal to the wood-burned lime, the oxidizing-flamehaving burned out all the sulphur and any iron that may have been in thestone.

I have further ascertained that ten to fif teen tons bf air per day areconsumed in my large furnaces for treatment of thirty to fifty tonscarbonate of lime. Therefore alarge fanblower driving this amount of airand the previous heating of the air are vital features of my inventionfor'drying purposes, &c.

For the treatment of washed chalk in the manufacture of whiting a largeamount of air with small amount of oil, so as to keep the heat downunder 600 Fahrenheit, is essential. In the lower ends of the cylinders23, I place a number of stone balls or bowlders, which may be round, asshown at 64, or cylindrical,

as shown at 65, and which weigh from fiveto twenty pounds each. As thecylinders revolve, these balls or bowlders will continuously roll uponthe material and grind it to fine powder, and in the caseoflime-manufacture masons finishinglime is turned out at Ya nominal cost,as there is no handling of the lime from the crusher until it reachesthe barreling-floor (not shown) below the cylinder.

, Of course it will be understood that I do not confine the apparatuswhich I have described to the manufacture of cement or lime;

.but it may be used where any other furnace In experiments with thisfurnace, described inder 2 and a fuel-furnace, of a water-jacketinterposed between said cylinder and furnace and having the opening 19,connecting said 4 cylinder and furnace, and a doorway 20, a re-'ceptacle having hollow walls forming an airheating space, an air-flueconnected with said air-heating space and discharging into said 1furnace, and a fluid-fuel-supply pipe discharging into said air-flue,substantially as in my Patent No. 236,561, I found that chloride ofsodium in contact with carbonic-acid gas at a heat of 400 Fahrenheitparted with its chlorine and took up carbonic acid,formingcrudecarbonate' of soda; and now when burning lime the vastamount of carbonicacid gas evolved may be utilized in the cylinder 3 inconverting salt intocarbonate of soda. Salt insolution or damp may befed into the cylinder 3 through the funnel or hopper 66, and by the timethe charge has i revoluble cylinder .2, having openings proworked downto the ring 57 it is converted into carbonate of soda, and may then bewithdrawn by removing the conical valve 67, which is held in place by alatch 68 and secured to the cylinder by a link 69, the valve-openingbeing provided with a bar 70, extending across it flush with theinterior of the cylinder and adapted to fit in a compleinentary recessin the end of the valve, so that when the valve is removed the ballswill be prevented from rolling into the opening and choking it up. Thewater-jacket 45 may be also utilized as a boiler, if desired, byconnecting one of the pipes 71 72 witha suitable engine or steam-dome,one of such pipes being utilized as a Water-supply.

I am aware that it is old and well known to inject gas and oil with airinto furnaces or kilns for cement-burning, &c., and I do not claim thesame.

Having thus described my invergtion, the

following is what I claim as new therein and I desire to secure byLetters Patent:

1'. The combination, with the furnace and a cylinder, of an air or waterjacket interposed between said furnace and cylinder and having anopening for the passage of the products of combustion from the furnaceinto the cylinder, a receptacle for hot material,

having an air-heating space, and a pipe extending from said spacethrough said jacket and discharging into the furnace, substantially asset forth.

2. The combination, with the furnace, of the air-flue discharging intosaid furnace, a fluid-fuel pipe opening into said flue, a revolu-blecylinder, a water-jacket situated between said furnace and cylinder andhaving an opening for the discharge of the products of combustion intosaid cylinder, and a receptacle for hot material, having an air-heatingspace connected with said flue, substantially as set forth.

3. The combination, with the furnace 1, having the neck 17, the cylinder2, and a hotair flue 6, of an air or water jacket interposed betweensaid neck and cylinder and having an opening for the passage of theproducts of combustion, the air-flue 31, having the nozzle 32,discharginginto said neck, the flue 34, connecting said flues 6 31, thefuel-supply pipe discharging into or at the end of flue 34, a

receptacle having an air-heating space, and a flue connecting said spacewith fine 31,sub-

stantially as set forth.

4. The combination, with the revoluble cylset forth.

5. The combination, with a furnace, of the vided with conicalvalve-seats arranged in its periphery, valves fitted to said seats andhaving the cross-bars 53 on the outside of the cylinder, and a hopperarranged over said openings and resting against said cylinder,

- said cylinder having the countersinks 54, for

the reception of said bars, substantially as set forth.

6. The combination, with the furnace and the revoluble cylinder, ofballs or bowlders arranged in said cylinder, said cylinder hav ing avalve-guarded opening and a bar across said opening, substantially asand for the purposes set forth.

7. The combination, with the fuel-furnace and the cylinders 2 3,arranged end to end and in communication with said furnace, ofwater-jackets interposed between said cylinders and between the cylinder2 and fuel-furnace, and having openings for the passage of the productsof combustion, substantially as set forth.

8. The combination, with the fuel-furnace and the revoluble cylinders 23, arranged end to end in communication with said furnace, of stationarywater-jackets interposed between said cylinders and between said fur-ITO nace and cylinder 2 and having openings for the passage of theproducts of combustion, substantially as set forth.

9. The combination, with the revoluble cylinders 2 and 3 and the furnacecommunicating therewith, of a water-jacket interposed between saidcylinders and having the opening 46, forming communication between saidcylinders, a hopper arranged above said jacket and having a neck ormouth extending through it and opening into one of said cylinders,substantially as set forth.

10. The combination, with the fuel-furnace, the cylinder 2, having aconical end, and the water-jacket interposed between said cylinder andfurnace, of the V-shaped band 58, secured to said water-jacket andembracing the end of said cylinder adjacent to said jacket, and awater-spray adapted to play upon said band, substantially as set forth.

11. The combination, with the furnace and the revoluble cylinder 2, of avertically-mow able water jacket interposed between said furnace andcylinder and a Windlass or other device for elevating said jacket,substantially as set forth.

12. The combination of the fuel-furnace 1, having the neck 17, therevoluble cylinder 2, the water-jacket interposed between said cylinderand furnace-neck, and having the opening l9,forming communicationbetween said cylinder and furnace, and doorway 20, affording access tosaid cylinder, the receptacle 22, having the air-heating space, theblast-flue 6, the pipe connecting said blast-flue with said air-heatingspace, a pipe 28, leading from said air-heating space through saidwater-jacket, a nozzle in the upper side of said neck connecting withthe said pipe 28, a fluid-fuelsupply pipe extending into said nozzle,and the blast-nozzle 7, arranged to discharge into the front of thefuel-furnace, connected with the flue 0, substantially as set forth.

GEORGE DURYEE. WVitnesses:

LoUIs PFINGSTAZ, GUsTAv KEHR.

